Investigative Journalism And Scientific Research Methodology In Covering Wars And Conflicts

Director of the Institute of Journalism and News Sciences at the University of Manouba, Tunisia, and Associate Professor at the Institute’s Department of Journalism. He has a doctorate in media and communication sciences from Stendhal Grenoble III University, France. He was the director of the African Center for the Training of Journalists and Communicators (Presidency of the Government, Tunisia). Dr. Hammami has published several books in Arabic and French, including “Spectacle Democracy: Media, Communication and Politics in Tunisia” and “The New Media” (Manouba University Publications). He has also published several studies in peer-reviewed Arab and European journals and chapters in books on media and communication, including Media and Political Contestation in the Contemporary Arab World (Palgrave Macmillan US). He has supervised several reports, including “Tunisian Media and Terrorism” (Tunisian Center for Press Freedom) and “Arab Women in the Virtual Debate” (Center for Arab Women Training and Research (CAWTAR)).

Associate Professor of Radio and Television Department, Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo University, holds a Ph.D. in media from Cairo University in local television channels and their role in development. Abdelmaksoud previously worked as a visiting professor at the German, American, and Al-Ahram Canadian universities. Abdelmaksoud is interested in gender research, investigative journalism, diversity, media ethics, and the impact of modern technological media. She has refereed scientific studies published in the Egyptian Journal of Public Opinion Research, the Arab Journal of Media and Communication Research, and the Athens Institute for Education and Scientific Research. Abdelmaksoud participated in several international conferences at the Free University of Brussels, King Saud in Riyadh, Vienna, Manouba, and the Institute of Communication and Media Studies in Berlin.

Senior Editor of the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) in the Middle East and North Africa Division since January 2020. She holds a master’s degree in Positive Leadership, Innovation, and Strategy, 2017, from IE University in Spain. She is the MENA representative on the Global Investigative Journalism Network (GIJN) board. Al-Sabbagh co-founded and served as executive director of the Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism (ARIJ) from 2005 to 2019, co-founded the Jordanian newspaper Al-Ghad, worked as a reporter for The Times of London from 2001 to 2014, and was editor-in-chief of The Jordan Times from 1999 to 2001. She also worked as a correspondent for Reuters in the Jordan, Gulf, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, and Syria bureaus, as well as in the agency’s regional office in Cyprus between 1987 and 1997. Al-Sabbagh has been a jury member of international media awards, such as: Lorenzo Natali and the annual UNESCO Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Award between 2011 and 2014.

Professor of journalism and international media and the former head of the Department of Journalism at the Faculty of Information at Cairo University. He earned his doctorate and master’s in journalism from Cairo University’s Faculty of Media. He has worked in many Arab universities and was the editor-in-chief of the Sawt al-Jamia newspaper in Arabic and English.  Dr. Saleh also served as managing editor of the Scientific Journal of Journalism Research and director of the Journalism Heritage and Documentation Center. He has published 39 books, including Media Ethics and International Media, Media and Mental Image Making, Communication Revolution and Media Freedom, Public Opinion and New Media, and Public Opinion and New Media. He has also published 50 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals and participated in multiple conferences.

Lecturer in Journalism and Media at Moulay Ismail University in Meknes, Morocco. He previously taught at the Higher Institute of Journalism and Communication in Casablanca. He worked as a journalist for 12 years in several media organizations, most recently in the weekly Al-Ayyam. During his career, he produced several investigative stories that won national and international awards, including: The Grand National Press Prize twice (2018 and 2022), the European Union Migration Media Award (2019), the National Award for Young Journalists (2018), the Prometheus Award for the best investigation on public finances (2020), and was shortlisted for the Dubai Arab Press Awards twice (2017-2019). Dr.  Boukhssas is the author of “Introduction to the Sociology of the Event” and co-published three collective books on “Communication in the Age of Digitization”, “Disinformation”, and “Writing in the Media Context”. He has published peer-reviewed studies in Al Jazeera Journalism. He has published peer-reviewed studies in Al Jazeera Journal of Communication and Media Studies and other platforms.

Lecturer at the Department of Journalism and Media, Hadramout University – Yemen. PhD candidate in Media and Communication Sciences at the Institute of Journalism and Information Sciences, Manouba University – Tunisia. Published a book entitled “Investigative Journalism in Yemeni Press and the Dealing of Yemeni Journalists with Fake News,” originally a master’s thesis from the Institute of Journalism and Information Sciences. Published and participated in peer-reviewed research papers in scientific journals and conferences, including: “Al Jazeera Journal of Communication and Media Studies” affiliated with Al Jazeera Center for Studies, and the 2024 Institute of Journalism and Information Sciences Conference in Tunisia, which was held under the theme “Media in the Post-Truth Era: Practicing Media Professions in the Age of Information Disorder.

He is currently a professor of law at Bahri National University in Sudan and a consultant to the Africa Center for Studies and Research in Istanbul. He holds a doctorate in comparative law from Omdurman Islamic University in Sudan. He served as state minister of the Sudanese Ministry of Information between 2013 and 2018 and then as governor of Northern State. He participated in drafting the Sudanese Press and Publications Law and is a member of several committees concerned with media legislation in Sudan. He writes regular articles in Arabic magazines, newspapers, and websites like Gulf Opinions and Al Jazeera.net.

Mervet Chaktmi is a PhD student in Information and Communication Sciences at the Institute of Press and Information Sciences (IPSI) in Tunisia and at Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 in France, where she focuses her dissertation on investigative journalism. In addition, she works as a journalist and has gained experience in various Tunisian and international media outlets. The researcher is particularly interested in investigative journalism, dedicating much of her academic work to this field. Her efforts have led to the publication of several scholarly articles and active participation in specialized conferences and seminars, contributing to exploring different aspects of investigative journalism and highlighting its vital role in society. Moreover, she has expanded her research to include contemporary topics such as artificial intelligence and fact-checking, exploring ways to use these technologies to enhance fact verification and combat misinformation. She has also collaborated with several esteemed institutions, including the Media Development Center (MDC) in Tunisia, the Francophone University Agency (AUF), UNICEF, and the Center for Arab Women for Training and Research (CAWTAR).

Mahmoud Al-Najjar is a development project consultant and international researcher. He heads the Baghdad Vision Center for Media Development and Studies and holds a PhD in Strategic Management from UNITEN University in Malaysia. He has 8 years of experience managing humanitarian projects and building NGO capacities. He has also worked as an international journalist with prominent media outlets such as USA Today, The Washington Times, TRT Arabic, and Arabi Post. Since 2020, he has been a consulting researcher at Chatham House, specializing in politics, economics, and security. Mahmoud also has extensive training experience in human rights, democracy, and conflict resolution, collaborating with the American University in Baghdad and Sulaymaniyah and with international organizations like Mercy Corps, UNAMO, and OXFAM.

He is a part-time professor at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez. He was previously a part-time professor at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities in Fez, Department of Media and Communication Sciences. He holds a PhD in Media and Communication Sciences from Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University in Fez, Morocco. He is a Laboratory of Society, Discourse, and Knowledge Integration member at the Multidisciplinary College of Nador. Haffad has published several articles and studies, both individually and collectively, including: “The Future of Moroccan Journalistic Practice in the Age of Artificial Intelligence”, “The Ideology of the Media Image and the Stakes of Arab Cultural Identity”, “Electronic Rumors and Fear-Making through Social Media”, and “Semiotics and Media Discourse Analysis from Interpretation to the Production of Meaning: The Newspaper News as a Model”.

A Palestinian journalist and media researcher holding a master’s degree in journalism from the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies. He has worked with prominent media institutions in Palestine and Qatar, including the Palestinian Press House, Al Jazeera Network, Dar Al Sharq Group, and Qatar Media Corporation – Qatar TV. His professional expertise focuses on news production, digital planning for news coverage, and conducting interviews and investigations. He participated in numerous international media conferences and forums. His research interests center on exploring the impact of social media on journalistic practices, as well as on journalistic ethics and the advancement of investigative journalism methods.

Professor of Journalism and Digital Media at the Faculty of Media at Yarmouk University, Jordan. He teaches various courses in journalistic editing, investigative journalism, and electronic journalism. He wrote articles on journalistic practice, digital journalism, and artificial intelligence. He had many tasks at Yarmouk University through committees related to developing curricula and organizing committees for the college’s scientific conferences. Besides academic teaching, he currently holds the position of Editor-in-Chief of The Sahafet Alyarmouk Newspaper, a weekly training newspaper issued by the Department of Journalism since 1982, for over 10 years. Before becoming an academic, he was a journalist in several newspapers and news websites.

Assistant Professor in the Department of Journalism and Digital Media at the Faculty of Media at Yarmouk University, assumed the presidency of the Department of Journalism and Digital Media at the college and worked at Al-Zarqa Private University and the Arab Open University. He has done much research and studies in the field of media and communication sciences, reaching about 20 researches, especially in the field of content analysis, as well as new media. He was an assistant for Press Affairs to the Director General of the Jordan News Agency, a media advisor at the Investment Promotion Corporation, and the Higher Council for the Affairs of Persons with Disabilities. He is a member of the Jordanian Journalists Syndicate.

a lecturer in the Radio and Television Department at the Faculty of Media at Yarmouk University since 2011. He holds a PhD in Media and Communication Sciences from the University of Manouba, Tunisia. He worked as Head of the Radio and Television Department at Yarmouk University and has been working as an assistant to the Dean of the Faculty of Media since 2022. He has done research and studies in the field of radio and TV.

A Moroccan researcher in Media and Communication Sciences, holding a PhD in Media and Communication from Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fez, his thesis focused on “Media and Political Crisis Management.” He holds a Master’s in Arabic Language and Intercultural Communication and a Bachelor’s in Media and Communication Sciences. He has participated in numerous conferences addressing various topics in the field of media. He has several scholarly articles published in peer-reviewed journals, covering issues such as sports media, the state of Amazigh media, and other media studies topics.

Monitor at the Independent High Authority for Audiovisual Communication, a doctoral student in Media and communication sciences at the Institute of Journalism and News Sciences in Tunisia, holder of a first master’s degree in electronic media, a second in television media, and a third in scientific research. She worked as a journalist on several websites. She won the Best Television Reportage Award during the 17th edition of the Arab Radio and Television Festival (ASBU). She also wrote a research paper on representations of hate speech in the digital space among Tunisian journalists. She participated in a study on Arab women in virtual debate: representations of women on traditional media pages on Facebook. She participated in monitoring the national report of the Global Media Monitoring Project for 2015’s Making the News: Gender in the News.

Professor of Higher Education at the Faculty of Media at the Lebanese University since 2006, holds a PhD in “Sociology of Media and Communication” from the University of “Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3”. She has held many responsibilities within the university, including the presidency of the research center at the faculty. She practiced journalism in several Lebanese and Arab media institutions, written, audio, and visual, from 1986 to 2008 (the date she devoted herself to university education). A researcher in the sociology of media and communication and the mechanisms and techniques of media work, she has published two books: the first, in 2018, entitled “When Sources Speak- Journalists and Their Sources of Information,” and ranked first in terms of sales (in the scientific books category) at the “Arab Book Fair” in Beirut; as for the second book, it was published in 2022, entitled “The Friday Sermon and the Chaos of the Pulpits – The Crisis of Religious Discourse in Times of Crises.”

Professor of Public Law and Political Science at Cadi Ayyad University in Marrakech and the Higher Institute of Journalism and Media in Marrakech, former president of the Moroccan Center for Research and Policy Analysis, founding member of the Laboratory for Legal Research and Policy Analysis (LaReJAP) at Cadi Ayyad University, and member of the Arab Council for the Social Sciences (ACSS), and among his latest publications: a book entitled “Press and Communication Law in Morocco, an analytical study” (2020) and a book entitled “the basis of the study of legal terminology” (2020).

Professor of Journalism at the Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo University, and the Faculty of Language and Communication at AASTMT in Alexandria. Head of Islam and Media W/G at the IAMCR and its ambassador to Egypt. She previously worked at King Saud and King Abdulaziz Universities in Saudi Arabia and was the Head of the Journalism Department at the Faculty of Mass Communication at ACU. Currently, I am a member of the Media Language Committee at the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo. She represented Egypt in the SUSI Cultural Exchange Grant to study media and educational institutions in the United States of America in 2016. She has more than thirty research papers on the impact of communication technology on human societies’ political and cultural realms, published in Egyptian, Arab, and international peer-reviewed journals.

A researcher in media and communication sciences, he obtained his PhD in media and communication sciences from the Institute of Journalism and News Sciences at the University of Manouba, Tunisia. He worked as a researcher, research and writing consultant at Osama Publishing House (Jordan) and part-time lecturer at several private Jordanian universities, most recently the Arab Open University (Jordan branch). Abu Al-hamam’s research focuses on the digital environment, digital media, and social media. He has published several books on culture and media, including “The Digital Environment of Media and Communication”, 2019. He has published many papers in several journals and collective books. He has participated in many scientific forums and conferences in media, communication, and higher education.

A lecturer specializing in the Faculty of Literature and Humanities Sciences – Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University – Department of Media and Communication Sciences – Specializing in audio-visual journalism – Radio and Television – Working in many Arab and Moroccan channels and production companies and working in the Moroccan channel 2M. I am a professor collaborating with many institutes that specialize in media training. Media Ambassador at the Union of Public Media and a member of the Laboratory of Literary and Linguistic Studies and Media and Communication Sciences, He has published two books on digital television imaging techniques. He authorizes Semiotics of Visual Systems – A Study in the Elements of Building Cinematic Discourse.

Associate professor of media and communication at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fez, Morocco, teaches media and communication at two private Arab academies. He has held various academic responsibilities, including serving as the former editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal Namae for Revelation Sciences and Humanities. He is the Founding Director of the ALECSO Chair of Communication: Ethics, Knowledge, and Society at the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO). He has supervised numerous research projects, hosted a television program, and authored 17 publications on media, communication, and development, individually and collaboratively. Additionally, he has published 13 peer-reviewed studies on media and communication issues, along with more than 40 other studies and articles.

An International Journalist and Doctoral Researcher at the Faculty of Arts, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fez. With nearly 18 years of experience, I have held vital journalistic roles and collaborated extensively with leading Moroccan and Arab media institutions, building a solid foundation in media and communication across diverse platforms. Academically, I serve as a visiting lecturer and media trainer at the Faculty of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences at Ibn Tofail University in Kenitra, where I conduct lectures and workshops on digital and audiovisual media. My academic contributions include participating at various scholarly conferences, publishing peer-reviewed articles in international journals, and co-authoring three collective volumes on media and communication published by Moroccan Universities. My research extends to scientific articles featured in various respected journals and platforms.

PhD student at the Laboratory of Literary and Linguistic Studies, Media and Communication Sciences at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco. He previously worked as a freelance journalist for several Arab media platforms and proofreading literary works. He is one of the founders of the sports platform “Zawiya90” and currently works as a senior official in communication and media at the Moroccan Ministry of Interior. He has scientific studies in the field of media, including: “Media coverage of the Covid-19 pandemic in Moroccan digital journalism between awareness and exaggeration”, “The Arabic language in the written press: features of the crisis and ways to improve it,” “Media in the face of Corona in Morocco: the difficulty of the challenge and the bet of confrontation,” and “The use of artificial intelligence technology in Arab media: experiences from the current reality in light of the challenges posed.”